Giovedì, 12 Giugno 2008 21:46

Separatismo o razzismo?

Scritto da  Gerardo

Con piacere diamo riflesso all’intervento di Emir Sader, sociologo, direttore del “Laboratorio de Políticas Públicas” e attuale segretario esecutivo del Consiglio Latinoamericano di Scienze Sociali” (CLACSO).
L’articolo, in lingua spagnola, che era già stato pubblicato nel periodico “La Jornada” (Messico) il 4/5/2008, è pure contenuto nell’interessantissima sezione Puntos de vista del Laboratorio de Políticas Públicas.
Buona lettura!

El racismo separatista
di Emir Sader

Una de las nuevas modalidades que asume el racismo hoy día es el separatismo, forma de intentar delimitar territorios de la raza blanca, apropiándose privadamente de riquezas que pertenecen a la nación y a su pueblo. Ya conocíamos esos intentos bajo la forma de barrios ricos que buscan definirse como alcaldías propias, para que los impuestos que son obligados a pagar por una parte –la que pueden encubrir– de sus inmensas riquezas se queden para aumentar los beneficios de sus barrios atrincherados, detrás de los cuales buscan aislar y defender –con seguridad privada, desde luego– sus formas privilegiadas de vida.
Un fenómeno que inicialmente caracterizó a ciudades como Los Angeles y Miami, que agrupan en territorios comunes o cercanos a sectores muy ricos de la población y a otros muy pobres –a menudo inmigrantes–, se fue difundiendo por América Latina, conforme los estilos de vida miamescos y californianos de las burguesías y clases medias altas del continente se fueron diseminando. Son reiterados los intentos, por ejemplo, de barrios de la Barra da Tijuca (que ya fue caracterizada como “la Miami de América del Sur”) para hacer aprobar, mediante referendos, la separacion de sus locales de vivienda de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Han fracasado sistemáticamente, sea porque domingos de sol dificultan el quorum necesario para que la consulta tenga validad legal, sea porque los barrios pobres aledaños votan masivamente en contra de esos intentos elitistas. Seguro que los moradores de barrios como Chacao, en Caracas, y otros enclaves privilegiados de ciudades latinoamericanas alimentan siempre ese sueño racista y separatista.
Es un planteamiento típico del desarrollo desigual de nuestras sociedades. Los prejuicios del sur de Brasil en contra del nordeste, de la ciudad de Buenos Aires en contra de los “cabecitas negras” y “descamisados”, entre tantos otros, se reproduce también en Europa; el ejemplo reciente del enorme crecimiento de la Liga del Norte, partido neofascista italiano, es una nueva expresión del prejuicio del norte –teniendo al progreso de ciudades como Milán y otras de la región– en contra del sur de Italia, de donde provienen exactamente los trabajadores que crean las riquezas de esa región, al igual que en los casos citados de Brasil y Argentina. Es un prejuicio de raza y de clase.
Es el mismo que hoy afecta gravemente a Bolivia. Las provincias de la llamada Media Luna, con su epicentro en Santa Cruz de la Sierra, tuvieron derrotados sus gobiernos, desde la dictadura de Hugo Bánzer a todos los gobiernos neoliberales que le sucedieron y que han concentrado como nunca la riqueza en Bolivia, han acentuado su apropiación privada y su desnacionalización. La caída de su derradero gobierno, el de Sánchez de Losada –refugiado en Estados Unidos, con demanda de destierro a Bolivia para responder por los asesinatos de cientos de bolivianos, en el intento desesperado de seguir protegiendo los intereses de las elites cruceñas y de las provincias del este del país– representó una gran victoria del pueblo boliviano que, por primera vez en su vida, ha elegido a un indígena presidente de Bolivia. Un país en que 62 por ciento de la población se reivindica indígena, solamente ahora ha logrado elegir un presidente que defiende los intereses de la mayoría de la nación.
Pero la minoría sigue disponiendo de gran parte de las riquezas del país. Fue afectada por la nacionalización de las riquezas naturales. Ellos, que hacían que la Bolivia pobre vendiera el gas a precio “solidario” a Argentina y a Brasil, mucho más desarrollados, ahora quieren quedarse con la gran tajada de los impuestos que el gobierno de Evo Morales ha recuperado para el país con la nacionalización. Quieren además impedir que la reforma agraria se extienda a todo el país, buscando reservarse el derecho a disponer de la concentración de tierras en sus provincias, para seguir exportando soya transgénica y acumulando riquezas para ellos y no para el país y el pueblo bolivianos.
Han convocado un referendo que intentaba legalizar su separatismo racista. Racista, porque su prensa monopólica no esconde sus prejuicios contra los indígenas, contra Evo Morales, no deja de contraponer su raza blanca a la de la gran mayoría del pueblo boliviano, a quienes han secularmente explotado, discriminado, oprimido, humillado. Han mantenido una consulta a la que la justicia boliviana negó cualquier valor legal, que ha sido condenada por todo tipo de organismo internacional, de gobiernos de la región, de fuerzas democráticas.
Es un intento, no accidental, apoyado por el gobierno de Estados Unidos y su embajada en La Paz, envuelta abiertamente en intentos de espionaje y de financiamiento del separatismo racista. Ese bloque de fuerzas del separatismo racista tiene que ser derrotado para que el pueblo de Bolivia pueda seguir adelante, construyendo la más avanzada Constitución del continente: plurinacional, pluriétnica, pluricultural. Para que los pueblos originarios puedan afirmar su soberanía, para que los recursos naturales de Bolivia sean explotados en favor de su pueblo, para que la tierra produzca sanamente los alimentos que Bolivia necesita, para que el gobierno democrático y soberano de Evo Morales siga transformando a Bolivia en un país libre, a imagen y semejanza de su pueblo.
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