Mercoledì, 25 Giugno 2008 01:19

XV International Summer School

Scritto da  Gerardo

XV International Summer School on Religions in Europe.
La natura e l’anima del mondo - Le frontiere della "globalizzazione".
A cura di Arnaldo Nesti, Andrea Spini, Enzo Segre Malagoli, Pino Lucà Trombetta.
San Gimignano (Siena), 27-31 agosto 2008.
Nel seguito, lo scritto introduttivo. A seguire, il primo e provvisorio programma. Stay tuned!

La globalizzazione può essere descritta come fenomeno empirico che, accelerando gli scambi di persone, cose, idee e l’interdipendenza economica, produce una diversa divisione del lavoro, nuove disuguaglianze e rapporti di potere, mentre sfida la sostenibilità dell’ambiente naturale. E tuttavia, per comprendere il senso delle dinamiche che la sostengono, non ci si può riferire solo ai dati tecnici, al sistema delle convenienze economiche o alla denuncia dei danni.

Il discorso sulla globalizzazione si basa, soprattutto nei suoi teorici più ostinati, su una particolare forma di “pensiero unico” nel quale giocano un ruolo centrale alcune “verità” (superiorità del mercato, uguaglianza fra libera concorrenza, democrazia e libertà personale) che – essendo vissute come assolute e fuori discussione – tendono ad assumere forma mitologica.
In un mondo non più diviso in blocchi contrapposti, l’economia globale si presta, infatti, a essere vissuta come succedaneo della religione: una religione universale, in grado, essa sola, di abbracciare, in un unico ordine dogmatico, Paesi, religioni e culture lontani. In tale veste, essa pretende di fondare una nuova antropologia, generando un uomo la cui dimora è il mercato e le cui virtù sono la capacità di accumulare beni, produrre reddito, traendo profitto da ogni attività: un individuo infinitamente desiderante, che solo nel consumo realizza la propria umanità. Il consumismo, presupposto necessario della visione dominante della globalizzazione economica, introduce così, sul piano spirituale, un’alternativa radicale; come se l’individuo fosse invitato a rinunciare al senso dell’infinito, in cambio di un guadagno finito ma tangibile, investendo tutto nel sogno di un miglioramento a breve termine.

La Summer School intende porre attenzione su alcuni aspetti della globalizzazione che riguardano la dimensione della spiritualità e, soprattutto, dell’etica personale e collettiva. Alcuni temi si impongono.
Innanzitutto la necessità di superare l’antropocentrismo arrogante, erede del razionalismo cartesiano, che considera l’individuo isolato il vertice e il compimento della creazione cui tutto deve essere indirizzato e di pervenire a un antropocentrismo responsabile che – nella visione di A. Auer – armonizzi la condizione umana al resto del creato. “La natura si realizza solo nell’uomo e solo in lui raggiunge il suo pieno significato” (Etica dell’ambiente, Brescia, Queriniana, 1985).
Come superare allora il dissidio fra la logica dell’autonomia assoluta dell’uomo e quella del reincantamento del mondo e della sua risacralizzazione? Come scongiurare la catastrofe ecologica?
Questi dilemmi non sono solo di natura accademica. Il tema della salvaguardia del creato è un tema centrale di natura etica e politica. Processi che possono sembrare insignificanti hanno conseguenze irrimediabili sul tutto. Di qui la necessità di ripensare l’ecologia in relazione ad una casa comune, insieme al destino dell’intero creato, ascoltando – come ammonisce Arturo Paoli – “il grido della terra”.
In questo quadro, dunque, la problematica dell’ambiente suscita attenzioni e piste di ricerca nuove, oltre ogni illusione e promessa di progresso, ben al di là di ogni moralismo populista. Non basta parlare di limiti dello sviluppo: è necessario un nuovo umanesimo che si misuri a partire”dagli affamati della terra” e affermi la necessità di una revisione radicale degli stili di vita.

Fra i temi trattati:
- tradizione biblica e natura
- ordine naturale e storicità
- retoriche della globalizzazione
E poi,
- l’economia globale come nuova religione
- etiche in conflitto nell’impatto con la globalizzazione
- etiche tradizionali e modernità in aree geografiche diverse
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